Subscription Profile

What Is a Subscription Profile?

A SIM package for eSIM devices." data-category="Provisioning">subscription profile is a downloadable software package that contains every credential and application needed for a device to connect to a mobile network operator's services. In practical terms, it is a virtual SIM card -- an IMSI, authentication keys (Ki, OPc), network access applications, operator-specific applets, and a complete file system -- bundled into a single encrypted container that can be remotely installed on an eUICC.

Profiles are generated by the SM-DP+ server and delivered over the air to consumer devices through the LPA or pushed to headless IoT modules via M2M provisioning infrastructure.

Profile Structure

Every subscription profile follows the GSMA SGP.22 specification and is organized into three layers:

• Telecom layer -- USIM, ISIM, and CSIM applications providing 3GPP/3GPP2 network authentication. This layer holds the IMSI, Ki, OPc, and SUPI values the network uses to authenticate the subscriber.
• Operator applet layer -- value-added service applets such as STK menus, OTA management applets, and carrier-branded applications that execute on the JavaCard runtime inside the eUICC.
• Policy rules -- Profile Policy Rules (PPR) and operator lock policies that govern whether the profile can be disabled, deleted, or transferred to another eSIM device.

Lifecycle Operations

A profile passes through clearly defined states managed by the eUICC operating system:

Only one profile per eUICC can be in the Enabled state at a time on consumer devices, though M2M provisioning platforms support concurrent multi-profile operation for specialized IoT gateways.

Security Considerations

Profile data is encrypted end-to-end between SM-DP+ and the target eUICC using ECKA (Elliptic Curve Key Agreement). The transport key is unique per download session, and the profile package includes integrity checksums verified by the eUICC before installation. This ensures that neither the mobile network nor intermediate infrastructure can inspect or tamper with the profile contents.