ePassport (MRTD)

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    Contactless
  

  
Electronic passport with contactless chip storing biometric data (face, fingerprint) for automated border control.

  

    Contactless
    
    |
    ICAO Doc 9303 (ePassport)
    
    
    |
    Since 2004
    
  






  
  

    
    



  
  


  

    
    

      
      
Quick Specs

      
      
      Contactless
      
    


    
    

      
      

        Interface
        Contactless
      

      
      

        Chip Type
        Microprocessor
      

      
      

        OS
        JavaCard
      

      
      

        EAL Level
        EAL5+
      

      
      

        Lifespan
        10 years
      

      
      

        First Deployed
        2004
      

      
    

  






    
    




    
    

    
    

      
Full Specifications


      
      

        
Hardware

        

          

            
              
InterfaceContactless

              
Chip TypeMicroprocessor

              
Operating SystemJavaCard

              
              
              
              
              
            
          

        

      


      
      

        
Communication

        

          

            
              
              
ProtocolISO 14443

              
              
              
              

                Extended APDU
                ไม่ใช่
              

              
Logical Channels1

            
          

        

      


      
      

        
Security

        

          

            
              
EAL LevelEAL5+

              

                Secure Element
                ใช่
              

              

                Tamper Resistant
                ใช่
              

              

                Crypto Coprocessor
                ใช่
              

              

                Biometric Support
                ไม่ใช่
              

            
          

        

      


      
      
      

        
Cryptographic Algorithms

        

          
          RSA-2048
          
          RSA-4096
          
          ECC-P256
          
          SHA-256
          
          3DES
          
          AES
          
        

      

      
    


    
    




  
Frequently Asked Questions


  

    
    

      
      

        
Consider four key factors: interface type (contact, contactless, or dual-interface), security requirements (EAL certification level), application domain (payment, identity, transport), and chip platform (JavaCard, MULTOS, native). For EMV payments, dual-interface cards are now standard. For government eID, EAL5+ certified cards are typically required.

      

    

    
    

      
      

        
Contact smart cards require physical insertion into a reader and communicate via the ISO 7816 interface (gold contact pads). Contactless cards use radio frequency (ISO 14443) and work within a few centimeters of a reader. Dual-interface cards combine both interfaces on a single chip, offering maximum flexibility.

      

    

    
    

      
      

        
EAL (Evaluation Assurance Level) is part of the Common Criteria framework for evaluating IT security. For smart cards, EAL4+ is common for payment cards, while EAL5+ or EAL6+ is required for government identity documents and ePassports. Higher EAL levels indicate more rigorous security testing and formal verification methods.